Method for automatically preferring a diacritical version of a linguistic element on a handheld electronic device based on linguistic source and associated apparatus

ABSTRACT

A method for automatically preferring a diacritical version of a linguistic element on a handheld electronic device by utilizing a linguistic source.

This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 13/229,805,filed Sep. 12, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference, which isa continuation of patented application Ser. No. 11/558,542, issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,035,534, which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The disclosed and claimed concept relates generally to handheldelectronic devices and, more particularly, to a method of enabling inputon a handheld electronic device.

2. Background Information

Numerous types of handheld electronic devices are known. Examples ofsuch handheld electronic devices include, for instance, personal dataassistants (PDAs), handheld computers, two-way pagers, cellulartelephones, and the like. Many handheld electronic devices also featurewireless communication capability, although many such handheldelectronic devices are stand-alone devices that are functional withoutcommunication with other devices.

Such handheld electronic devices are generally intended to be portable,and thus are of a relatively compact configuration in which keys andother input structures often perform multiple functions under certaincircumstances or may otherwise have multiple aspects or featuresassigned thereto. With advances in technology, handheld electronicdevices are built to have progressively smaller form factors yet haveprogressively greater numbers of applications and features residentthereon. As a practical matter, the keys of a keypad can only be reducedto a certain small size before the keys become relatively unusable. Inorder to enable text entry, however, a keypad must be capable ofentering all twenty-six letters of the Latin alphabet, for instance, aswell as appropriate punctuation and other symbols.

One way of providing numerous letters in a small space has been toprovide a “reduced keypad” in which multiple letters, symbols, and/ordigits, and the like, are assigned to any given key. For example, atouch-tone telephone includes a reduced keypad by providing twelve keys,of which ten have digits thereon, and of these ten keys eight have Latinletters assigned thereto. For instance, one of the keys includes thedigit “2” as well as the letters “A”, “B”, and “C”. Other known reducedkeypads have included other arrangements of keys, letters, symbols,digits, and the like.

In order to enable a user to make use of the multiple letters, digits,and the like on any given key, numerous keystroke interpretation systemshave been provided. For instance, a “multi-tap” system allows a user tosubstantially unambiguously specify a particular character on a key bypressing the same key a number of times equivalent to the position ofthe desired character on the key. For example, on the aforementionedtelephone key that includes the letters “ABC”, and the user desires tospecify the letter “C”, the user will press the key three times. Whilesuch multi-tap systems have been generally effective for their intendedpurposes, they nevertheless can require a relatively large number of keyinputs compared with the number of characters that ultimately areoutput.

Another exemplary keystroke interpretation system would include keychording, of which various types exist. For instance, a particularcharacter can be entered by pressing two keys in succession or bypressing and holding first key while pressing a second key. Stillanother exemplary keystroke interpretation system would be a“press-and-hold/press-and-release” interpretation function in which agiven key provides a first result if the key is pressed and immediatelyreleased, and provides a second result if the key is pressed and heldfor a short period of time. While such systems have likewise beengenerally effective for their intended purposes, such systems also havetheir own unique drawbacks.

Another keystroke interpretation system that has been employed is asoftware-based text disambiguation function. In such a system, a usertypically presses keys to which one or more characters have beenassigned, actuating each key one time for each desired letter, and thedisambiguation software attempts to predict the intended input. Numeroussuch systems have been proposed, and while many have been generallyeffective for their intended purposes, shortcomings still exist.

One such shortcoming arises when the handheld electronic device has a“keypad” in which various diacritical letters are associated with agiven key in countries such as, for example, France, Germany and Italy.In the French language, the diacritical letters “è” and “é” may beassociated with a single key that displays the letters “E” and “R”. Whensuch a key is depressed, the handheld electronic device will typicallyprefer displaying a non-diacritical letter “e” as the user's first inputselection as opposed to the non-diacritical letter “r” and thediacritical letters “è” and “é”. There are instances, however, as in theFrench language, when a user would prefer having a diacritical letter“è” or “é” as the first selection rather than the non-diacritical letter“e”.

It would be desirable, therefore, to provide an improved method ofenabling input on a handheld electronic device in which the handheldelectronic device has the capability of automatically preferring thediacritical letter most likely to be assigned by the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A full understanding can be gained from the following description whenread in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the improved handheldelectronic device in accordance with the disclosed and claimed concept;

FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of the handheld electronic device ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 depicts an output that can be generated on the handheldelectronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 depicts another output that can be generated on the handheldelectronic device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 depicts yet another output that can be generated on the handheldelectronic device of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 6 is a flowchart depicting one embodiment of an improved method inaccordance with the disclosed and claimed concept.

DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the phrase “a number of” or variations thereof means oneor an integer greater than one.

As used herein, the phrase “linguistic elements” and variations thereofshall refer broadly to any element that itself can be a language objector from which a language object can be constructed, identified, orotherwise obtained, and thus would include, but not be limited to,characters, letters, strokes, symbols, ideograms, phonemes, morphemes,digits (numbers), and the like.

As used herein, the phrase “text” and variations thereof shall referbroadly to a number of words or a portion of a word.

As used herein, the phrase “alphanumeric” or variations thereof shallbroadly refer to a letter, such as a Latin letter, and/or a digit suchas, without limitation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, and combinationsthereof.

When referring to the term “diacritical letters”, “diacriticalversions”, and variations thereof, such designation is meant to coveruse of accented characters, uppercase (Majuscule form) of such lettersand other diacritical letters.

When referring to the term “reduced” and variations thereof in thecontext of a keypad, or other arrangement of input members, suchdesignations shall refer broadly to an arrangement in which at least oneof the input members has assigned thereto a plurality of linguisticelements such as, for example, characters in the set of Latin letters.

Directional phrases used herein, such as, for example, upper, lower,left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, above, beneath,clockwise, counterclockwise and derivatives thereof, relate to theorientation of the elements shown in the drawings and are not limitingupon the claims unless expressly recited therein.

One embodiment of a handheld electronic device 2 in accordance with thedisclosed and claimed concept is depicted generally in FIG. 1. Thehandheld electronic device 2 of FIG. 1 is depicted schematically in FIG.2. The handheld electronic device 2 includes a housing 4 upon which aredisposed a processor unit that includes an input apparatus 6, an outputapparatus 8, a processor 10, a memory 12, and a wireless transceiver 13.The processor 10 may be, for instance, and without limitation, amicroprocessor (μP) and is responsive to inputs from the input apparatus6 and provides output signals to the output apparatus 8. The processor10 also interfaces with the memory 12 which, as will be discussed ingreater detail below, contains one or more routines that are used toimplement the disclosed and claimed concept. The processor 10 and thememory 12 together form a processor apparatus.

Referring to FIG. 1, the input apparatus 6 includes a keypad 14 and anavigational input member 16. The keypad 14 is in the exemplary form ofa reduced QWERTY keyboard including a plurality of keys 18 that serve asinput members. Many of the keys 18 each have a plurality of charactersassigned thereto. The keypad 14 also includes an <ALT> key 20, an<ENTER> key 22, and a <SPACE> key 23. It is noted, however, that thekeypad 14 may be of other configurations, such as an AZERTY keyboard, aQWERTY keyboard, a QWERTZ keyboard or another keyboard arrangement,whether or not reduced, and whether presently known or unknown.

The keys 18 are located on a front face 24 of the housing 4, and thenavigational input member 16, which is in the exemplary form a trackball36, is disposed on the front face 24 of the housing 4 as well. Thetrackball 36 is rotatable in various directions thereby allowing for thenavigation of the cursor 32, which is displayed on the output apparatus8, in various directions including up, down, left, right, and anycombination thereof. Moreover, the trackball 36 can also be depressed toprovide a selection or other input based upon the current location ofthe cursor 32. Accordingly, rotation of the trackball 36 can navigatethe cursor 32 over a particular program icon 34, while depression of thetrackball 36 can launch the program. It should be noted that atrackwheel (not shown), which can be disposed on a side 26 of thehousing 4, can be used in lieu of the trackball 36. Similar to thetrackball, the trackwheel can serve as input member since the trackwheelis capable of being rotated in a clockwise or a counterclockwisedirection as well as being depressed. Rotation of the trackwheel canprovide a navigation or other input, while depression of the trackwheelcan provide a selection or other input. For example, if a cursor 32 islocated over a given program icon 34, that program will be launched whenthe trackwheel is depressed.

Referring to FIG. 2, the memory 12 can be any of a variety of types ofinternal and/or external storage media such as, without limitation, RAM,ROM, EPROM(s), EEPROM(s), and the like that provide a storage registerfor data storage such as in the fashion of an internal storage area of acomputer, and can be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory. As can beseen from FIG. 2, the memory 12 is in electronic communication with theprocessor 10. The memory 12 additionally can include one or moreroutines depicted generally with the numeral 38 for the processing ofdata. The routines 38 can be in any of a variety of forms such as,without limitation, software, firmware, and the like.

The output apparatus 8 includes a display 40 upon which can be providedan output 42. A number of exemplary outputs 42 are depicted on thedisplay 40 in FIGS. 3-5. Each exemplary output 42 includes a textcomponent 44 and a variant component 46. As can be seen from thesefigures, the variant component 46 extends substantially horizontallyacross the display 40. This, however, is not meant to be limiting sincethe variant component 46 can also extend across the display 40substantially vertically or can be otherwise disposed. Preferably, thevariant component 46 is located generally in the vicinity of the textcomponent 44. The variant component 46 includes a predetermined quantityof selectable outputs from which the user can select. The variantcomponent 46 includes a selection box 48 that appears in a defaultposition 50. Initially, the default position 50 of the selection box 48surrounds and/or highlights a preferred output 52 while the remainder ofthe variant component 46 displays various alternative outputs 54. Theselection box 48 is capable of being moved (i.e., shifted) from thedefault position to a number of other positions 56 by depressing oractuating a number of keys 18 or by rotating the navigational input 16.By moving the selection box 48 to surround and/or highlight thealternative outputs 54, the user is able to select any one of thevarious alternative outputs 54 for possible output on the outputapparatus 8 of the handheld electronic device 2. The display 40 alsoincludes a caret (cursor) 58 in the text component 44 which depictsgenerally where the next output will be displayed.

As stated above, a shortcoming arises when a handheld electronic devicehas a “keypad” in which a non-diacritical letter as well as one or morediacritical letters is assigned to a given key. Because the handheldelectronic device may prefer the non-diacritical letter as opposed tothe diacritical letters, the user of the handheld electronic device canoften find himself or herself taking additional actions to select thedesired diacritical letters, thereby decreasing the amount ofinformation that the user can enter into the handheld electronic deviceover a given amount of time.

The disclosed concept enables the handheld electronic device 2 toovercome this shortcoming by having a routine 38 that is adapted toprefer a particular output, such as a diacritical letter or anon-diacritical letter, by employing a language rule set and/or alanguage word list that is stored in the memory 12 of the handheldelectronic device 2. Specifically, when the handheld electronic device 2detects an actuation of a key 18 that is assigned both a non-diacriticalversion as well as a diacritical version of a letter, the handheldelectronic device 2 will utilize a linguistic source 39 to determinewhich version of the letter the handheld electronic device 2 will outputas the preferred output 52.

By way of example, referring to FIGS. 3-5, when the handheld electronicdevice 2 detects an actuation of a key 18 that is assigned both anon-diacritical and a diacritical version of a letter, the handheldelectronic device 2 will automatically output, as the preferred output,the version of the letter that is most appropriate for the currentsituation. It should be noted that the text that appears in FIGS. 3-5 isin French for illustrative purposes. The disclosed concept, however,could also be applied to other languages, such as German, which usediacritical marks as well.

Referring to FIG. 3, in this figure the user of the handheld electronicdevice 2 has already entered the phrase “Je vais” into the handheldelectronic device 2. Upon detecting the actuation of the key 60 that isassigned the non-diacritical letters “A” and “S” as well as thediacritical letters “à” and “â”, the handheld electronic device 2 willutilize the linguistic source 39, which can be a language rule setand/or a language word list, to determine whether the device shouldoutput one of the diacritical letters as the preferred output. Moreover,if the handheld electronic device 2 does determine that one of thediacritical letters should be output as the preferred output, then thehandheld electronic device 2 will further utilize the linguistic source39 to further determine which diacritical letter should be the preferredoutput 52. In this particular instance, the handheld electronic device 2will output, as the preferred output 52, the diacritical letter “à”since this diacritical letter is the most appropriate letter from amongthe different possible outputs to display as the preferred output inview of the text (the phrase “Je vais”) that was entered prior to thehandheld electronic device 2 detecting the actuation of the key 60 thatis assigned the letter “A”. This is due to the fact that the textpreceding the actuation of the key 60 that is assigned the letter “A” is“Je vais” which is a verb that belongs to a particular class.Specifically, “Je vais” belongs to the class of motion verbs. Thehandheld electronic device 2 will, therefore, prefer the diacriticalletter “à” as the preferred output 52 because “Je vais” has thispredetermined characteristic. Additionally, the handheld electronicdevice 2 will output, as the alternative outputs 54, the non-diacriticalletters “a” and “s” as well as the diacritical letter “â”.

If, however, the handheld electronic device 2 detects another actuationof a key 18 that is assigned a letter (e.g., the key 62 that is assignedthe letter “U”), then the handheld electronic device 2 will, again,utilize the linguistic source 39 to determine whether the diacriticalletter “à” should be replaced with either the non-diacritical letter “a”or the other diacritical letter “â”. For example, if the handheldelectronic device 2 detects an actuation of the key 62 that is assignedthe letter “U” after the handheld electronic device 2 has output thediacritical letter “à”, then the handheld electronic device 2 willemploy the linguistic source 39 to determine whether the diacriticalletter “à” should be replaced with another letter. Upon referencing thelinguistic source 39, the handheld electronic device 2 willautomatically replace the diacritical letter “à” with thenon-diacritical letter “a” in addition to outputting the letter “u”after the non-diacritical letter “a” because the phrase “au” (as opposedto àu) is a proper phrase in the French language.

Referring to FIG. 4, in this figure the user has already entered thephrase “J'espère que tu seras l” into the handheld electronic device 2.As with the previous figures, when the handheld electronic device 2detects the actuation of the key 60 that is assigned the non-diacriticalletters “A” and “S” as well as the diacritical letters “à” and “à”, thehandheld electronic device 2 will utilize the linguistic source 39 todetermine whether the device should output one of the diacriticalletters as the preferred output 52. Using the techniques that aredescribed elsewhere herein, the handheld electronic device 2 willoutput, as the preferred output 52, the diacritical letter “à” sincethis diacritical letter is the most appropriate letter from among thedifferent possible outputs to display as the preferred output in view ofthe text (the phrase “J'espère que tu seras l”) that was entered priorto the handheld electronic device 2 detecting the actuation of the key60 that is assigned the letter “A. Additionally, the handheld electronicdevice 2 will output, as the alternative outputs 54, the non-diacriticalletters “a” and “s” as well as the diacritical letter “â”.

Referring to FIG. 5, in this figure the user of the handheld electronicdevice 2 has already entered the phrase “Avoir l'amabilit” into thehandheld electronic device 2. Upon detecting the actuation of the key 64that is assigned the non-diacritical letters “E” and “R” as well as thediacritical letters “è” and “é”, the handheld electronic device 2 willutilize the linguistic source 39 to determine whether the device shouldoutput one of the diacritical letters as the preferred output 52. Usingthe techniques that are described elsewhere herein, the handheldelectronic device 2 will prefer, as the preferred output 52, thediacritical letter “é” since in this situation the diacritical letter“é” would be the most appropriate letter to output in view of the text(the phrase “Avoir l'amabilit”) that was entered into the handheldelectronic device 2 prior to the handheld electronic device 2 detectingthe actuation of the key 64 that is assigned the letter “E”.Accordingly, the handheld electronic device 2 will output, as thealternative outputs 54, the non-diacritical letters “e” and “r” as wellas the diacritical letters “è”.

In one embodiment, the linguistic source 39 corresponds to the operativelanguage of the handheld electronic device. For example, if theoperative language of the handheld electronic device 2 is French, thenthe handheld electronic device would use a French linguistic source 39.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart depicting one embodiment of the disclosed concept.As can be seen from this figure, the handheld electronic device 2 willdetect, at step 100, an input. The handheld electronic device will thendetermine, at step 102, whether the detected input was an alphanumericinput.

If the handheld electronic device 2 does determine that the detectedinput was an alphanumeric input, then the handheld electronic device 2will determine, at step 104, whether there have been any previousalphanumeric inputs (i.e., text) entered into the device. If thehandheld electronic device 2 determines that there have been no previousalphanumeric inputs, then the handheld electronic device 2 will prefer,at step 106, the non-diacritical version of a letter to which thealphanumeric input is assigned as the preferred output 52. The handheldelectronic device 2 will then output, at step 108, the preferred output52 which, in this case, is the non-diacritical version of the letter towhich the alphanumeric input is assigned. After the preferred output 52has been displayed, the handheld electronic device 2 will return to step100.

Alternatively, if the handheld electronic device 2 does determine thatthere has been a previous alphanumeric input, then the handheldelectronic device 2 will determine, at step 110, whether the previousalphanumeric input has a predetermined characteristic by using thelinguistic source. If the handheld electronic device 2 determines thatthe previous alphanumeric input does not have a predeterminedcharacteristic, then the handheld electronic device will proceed to step106.

If the handheld electronic device 2 does determine that the previousalphanumeric input has a predetermined characteristic, then the handheldelectronic device 2 will prefer, as the preferred output 52, adiacritical version of the letter to which the alphanumeric input isassigned at step 112. After the handheld electronic device 2 haspreferred the diacritical version of the letter as the preferred output52, the handheld electronic device 2 will then output, at step 108, thepreferred output prior to returning to step 100.

If the handheld electronic device 2 determines, at step 102, that thedetected input was not an alphanumeric input, then the handheldelectronic device 2 will take some other action, at step 114, such as,without limitation, determining whether the detected input was aselection input prior to returning to step 100.

While specific embodiments of the disclosed and claimed concept havebeen described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in theart that various modifications and alternatives to those details couldbe developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure.Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are meant to beillustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the disclosed andclaimed concept which is to be given the full breadth of the claimsappended and any and all equivalents thereof.

1. An input method for a handheld electronic device having an output apparatus, the method comprising: receiving an input reflecting selection of a key; based at least in part on the key selection, determining whether to output (i) a non-diacritical character or (ii) a diacritical character, the determination comprising: determining whether the selection corresponds to a first alphanumeric input, based upon a determination that the selection corresponds to the first alphanumeric input, determining to output the non-diacritical character, and based upon a determination that there have been previous alphanumeric inputs, determining whether to output the non-diacritical character or the diacritical character based on whether the previous alphanumeric inputs satisfy a predetermined condition; and outputting the determined output using the output apparatus.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: detecting a number of additional key selections and, responsive thereto, updating the determined output based on the detected number of additional key selections.
 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising detecting an operative language of the handheld electronic device, wherein determining whether to output the non-diacritical character or the diacritical character is at least in part based on the detected operative language.
 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising determining that the operative language is French.
 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising outputting as the determined output a diacritical character used in French that corresponds with the key selection.
 6. The method according to claim 3, further comprising determining that the operative language is German.
 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising outputting as the determined output a diacritical character used in German that corresponds with the key selection.
 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising outputting another output as an alternative to the determined output selectable by a user.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determined output is identified based on a verb of a certain class.
 10. A handheld electronic device, comprising: a number of keys; an output apparatus; a processor apparatus comprising a processor and a memory in electronic communication with one another, said processor apparatus having stored therein a number of routines which, when executed on said processor, cause said handheld electronic device to perform operations comprising: receiving an input reflecting selection of one of the keys; based at least in part on the key selection, determining whether to output (i) a non-diacritical character or (ii) a diacritical character in, the determination comprising: determining whether the selection corresponds to a first alphanumeric input, based upon a determination that the selection corresponds to the first alphanumeric input, determining to output the non-diacritical character, and based upon a determination that there have been previous alphanumeric inputs, determining whether to output the non-diacritical character or the diacritical character based on whether the previous alphanumeric inputs satisfy a predetermined condition; and outputting the determined output using the output apparatus.
 11. The handheld electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the number of routines cause the handheld electronic device to perform operations further comprising detecting additional key selections and, responsive thereto, updating the determined output based on the detected number of additional key selections.
 12. The handheld electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the number of routines cause the handheld electronic device to perform operations further comprising detecting an operative language of the handheld electronic device, wherein determining whether to output the non-diacritical character or the diacritical character is at least in part based on the detected operative language.
 13. The handheld electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the operative language is French.
 14. The handheld electronic device according to claim 13, wherein the number of routines cause the handheld electronic device to perform operations further comprising outputting as the determined output a diacritical character used in French that corresponds with the key selection.
 15. The handheld electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the operative language is German.
 16. The handheld electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the number of routines cause the handheld electronic device to perform operations further comprising outputting as the determined output a diacritical character used in German that corresponds with the key selection.
 17. The handheld electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the number of routines cause the handheld electronic device to perform operations further comprising outputting another output as an alternative to the determined output selectable by a user.
 18. The handheld electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the determined output is identified based on a verb of a certain class. 